对代议制的解构--以制度的民主性为考察视角

民主作为一种政治体制形式,经历了从雅典直接民主到近代代议制民主的漫长发展过程。直接民主最符合民众的普遍期待,却因太过理想化而未能在现实的政治土壤上生根发芽。代议制民主虽然借鉴和吸纳了直接民主思想的合理部分,并获得了实践的可操作性,但仍存在实质上的少数人专政以及阶级立法等缺憾。透过民主的历史足迹,对当下的代议制进行解构发现,代议制包含民主与独裁两个动态的因子,面对具体公共事务,民主制下也存在独断的处理方式。     

关于中国直销企业健康稳步发展的七个问题

直销模式自20世纪90年代传入中国内地以来,因为违法传销引起的问题与纠纷经常出现,合法持牌直销企业违规的现象也时有发生。如何扬长避短,促进直销渠道在中国健康发展,已成为政府、直销企业以及学术界最关注的问题。本文通过对直销企业的长期观察,从可持续发展的战略考虑,针对直销企业存在的七个问题进行讨论,提出相应的对策。     

中国直销渠道中道德强度对代理商伦理决策的影响

本研究以伦理两难为切入点,探讨直销渠道中代理商的伦理决策过程以及道德强度对其伦理决策三阶段的影响。在文献综述和对直销代理商访谈的基础上,作者结合直销特点设计情境问卷对确定主题进行实证研究。研究结果表明:1.直销渠道中,代理商的伦理认知与伦理判断之间显著正相关、伦理认知与伦理意向之间显著负相关、伦理判断与伦理意向之间显著负相关。2.直销代理商的道德强度与伦理认知、伦理判断呈正相关关系,与伦理意向呈负相关关系。3.直销渠道中,道德强度中的结果大小、社会共识、效应可能性三个维度对代理商伦理决策三阶段均有显著影响,效应集中性维度仅在一个情境中对伦理判断具有显著影响。     

The two-dimensional vector packing problem with piecewise linear cost function

The two-dimensional vector packing problem with piecewise linear cost function (2DVPP-PLC) is a practical problem faced by a manufacturer of children׳s apparel that ships products using courier service. The manufacturer must ship a number of items using standard-sized cartons, where the cost of a carton quoted by the courier is determined by a piecewise linear function of its weight. The cost function is not necessarily convex or concave. The objective is to pack all given items into a set of cartons such that the total delivery cost is minimized while observing both the weight limit and volume capacity constraints. This problem is commonly faced by many manufacturers that ship products using courier service. We formulate the problem as an integer programming model. Since the 2DVPP-PLC generalizes the classical bin packing problem, it is more complex and challenging. Solving it directly using CPLEX is successful only for small instances. We propose a simple heuristic that is extremely fast and produces high-quality solutions for instances of practical size. We develop an iterative local search algorithm to improve the solution quality further. We generate two categories of test data that can serve as benchmark for future research.     

旅游发展、人力资本、外商直接投资对经济增长的影响——基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的实证分析

本文选取2000-2017年东南亚地区9个国家的面板数据,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数构建新的经济增长模型,分析了旅游发展、人力资本、外商直接投资对经济增长的影响.研究发现,旅游发展、人力资本对东南亚国家的经济增长都有较为显著的促进作用,而外商直接投资对经济增长的作用需要考虑投资质量、东道国内部环境等因素.东南亚国家借助已有资源大力发展旅游业、提高人力资本水平、吸引高质量外商直接投资,同时大力改善其内部环境等促进经济增长的举措对中国具有借鉴意义.     

知识产权产品产出核算方法研究

SNA 2008(即《2008年国民账户体系》)最重要的改变之一就是提出了知识产权产品及其核算问题.由于估算困难,至今知识产权产品还没有被完全纳入GDP的实际核算中.事实上,现有研究主要是通过对已有统计数据进行调整来估算特定类型知识产权产品产出,其结果存在较大的误差.本文遵循SNA 2008的有关核算原则,吸收其他国际核算标准及研究成果,从当前中国实际条件出发,基于以成本项目分类调查为主、收入测算为辅的核算思路,提出了一套用于核算R&D(研究与开发)、矿藏勘探与评估、计算机软件和数据库以及娱乐文学或艺术品原件等全部知识产权产品产出的具体估算方法,这将为把知识产权产品全面纳入GDP实际核算提供有益参考.     

Behavioral Economics and Regulatory Analysis

Behavioral economics has captured the interest of scholars and the general public by demonstrating ways in which individuals make decisions that appear irrational. While increasing attention is being focused on the implications of this research for the design of risk‐reducing policies, less attention has been paid to how it affects the economic valuation of policy consequences. This article considers the latter issue, reviewing the behavioral economics literature and discussing its implications for the conduct of benefit‐cost analysis, particularly in the context of environmental, health, and safety regulations. We explore three concerns: using estimates of willingness to pay or willingness to accept compensation for valuation, considering the psychological aspects of risk when valuing mortality‐risk reductions, and discounting future consequences. In each case, we take the perspective that analysts should avoid making judgments about whether values are “rational” or “irrational.” Instead, they should make every effort to rely on well‐designed studies, using ranges, sensitivity analysis, or probabilistic modeling to reflect uncertainty. More generally, behavioral research has led some to argue for a more paternalistic approach to policy analysis. We argue instead for continued focus on describing the preferences of those affected, while working to ensure that these preferences are based on knowledge and careful reflection.     

The moderating effect of foreign direct investment intensity on local firms' intangible resources investment and performance implications: A case from China

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been known to generate positive externalities to increase the productivity and competitiveness of domestic industries through knowledge and technology spillover. This study focuses on the indirect effect of FDI by investigating whether FDI intensity benefits local firms by enhancing the local intellectual property rights (IPR) environment. We argue that due to the inadequate IPR environment in emerging economies, local firms' intangible resources investment can be negatively related to firm performance. Further, we suggest that FDI intensity can improve the local IPR environment, thereby enhancing the appropriability of local firms' intangible resources investment. We find empirical evidence to support our arguments by examining 70 semiconductor firms in China from 1999 to 2006, and we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the impact of FDI intensity on the local IPR environment.     

从战略成本管理视角分析SD酒店的成本控制问题

酒店经营的最终目标是实现利润最大化,要实现此目标,成本管理是关键.在理解酒店战略成本控制理论的基础上,以SD花园酒店为案例,剖析其企业战略成本控制存在的主要问题,并从现代战略成本控制的视角,提出了改进酒店成本控制的方法与措施.     

Reflections on Changes in the Library and Serials Literature

Abstract

Johnson describes changes in library journal literature topics over the past one hundred years, with a focus on the period between her first Balance Point column in 2003 and this one, her last. She reminisces on her experience as a Balance Point column editor.